Editing Price identification

{{MakeshiftSitenotice}}'''Price identification''' is the tactic of using the price of an [[item]] to try to identify it. One can use the "buy price," the price of an item in [[shop]]s, or the "sell price," the price that a [[shopkeeper]] offers when you try to sell an item. The sell price is easier to use because it is not affected by your [[charisma]].

It will normally be half the "base price" of the item (one third the "base price" if you're wearing a duncecap, a level 14 or lower tourist, or wearing a shirt with no armor or cloak over it); there is a random chance that you will only be offered 3/4 of the normal sell price <ref>{{sourcecode|Shk.c|2019}} calculate how much the shopkeeper will pay when buying an object</ref>, but you can get around this by repeatedly [[Drop|dropping]] an item and refusing to sell it, until you have been offered two different prices for it. If the shopkeeper has no money, you will be offered 90% of the normal sell price as store credit.

If your charisma is 11-15, the buy price of the item will be the "base price".  Sometimes, two items with the same appearance will have different buying prices; generally, this means that the two items are actually different (for instance, a sack, bag of holding, and bag of tricks will all appear as a "bag" pre-identification, but the sack is far cheaper than the other two), or that they are the same item but vary in enchantment and/or beatitude.

[[General store]]s are very useful for price identification because they will offer to buy all types of items. However, you can still price-identify any object (unbreakable or in a [[bag of holding]]) in any store by [[throw]]ing the item in to the shop from outside. Be aware that this will relinquish ownership of the item to the shopkeeper, who will then try to sell it to you. You will need to pay the asking price or steal the item to get it back, but in a pinch, this can provide a price point for an object that the shopkeeper would not normally be interested in.

== Further strategies ==

=== Common uses ===

The item which is most commonly price-ID'd is the [[scroll of identify]], which is far cheaper than the other scrolls.

Also, [[magic lamp]]s cost more than [[oil lamp]]s, and [[Enchantment#Armor|enchanted armour]] costs more than the +0 version.

Price-iding can also be useful to identify bad items. The [[scroll of amnesia]] has a base price of 200 zm, ten times as much as a scroll of identify. A potion of sickness has a base price of 50 zm, a potion of hallucination 100 zm, and a potion of blindness 150 zm.

[[Spellbooks]] are useful to price-identify as a non-[[Wizard]], to determine whether they are low enough difficulty level to safely [[read]]. The
base price for a spellbook in zorkmids is 100 times its difficulty level.

=== Powerful wands stealing ===

An expensive [[wand]] (base price 500 [[zm]]) is either [[Wand of wishing|wishing]] or [[Wand of death|death]]. If you have no pet to steal it for you, and you're not concerned about the consequences of killing shopkeepers, try zapping it at the shopkeeper. If it's death, fine. If it's wishing, wish for a blessed scroll of charging (two charges will cause the wand to explode),a wand of death (and the rest of your wishes as usual), then zap the shopkeeper. '''Caution:''' if you do this, be sure either to use the wishes before killing the shopkeeper, or save the wishes for later. Don't use a wish immediately after killing a shopkeeper, because (unless you are chaotic) killing a shopkeeper reduces your [[luck]]. You can also wish for a Blessed [[figurine]] of an [[archon]]. The pet archon will then kill the shopkeeper without any penalties due to alignment. Be aware, if you employ this strategy, that even a blessed figurine has a one in ten chance of generating a hostile monster; this could put a [[YASD|premature end]] to an otherwise very promising game.

===Identifying scrolls===

The most useful [[scroll]]s to price-identify are the cheapest scrolls. The [[scroll of identify]] is the cheapest, with a base price of only 20 zorkmids. The [[scroll of enchant weapon]] is the only 60 zorkmid scroll that has a randomized appearance (the [[scroll of blank paper]] is also 60 zm). The [[scroll of light]] is the only scroll with a 50 zorkmid base price. Both scrolls with base price 80 zorkmids, the [[scroll of enchant armor]] and the [[scroll of remove curse]], are very useful.

Scrolls with base prices of 100 zm or higher might be unsafe to read, and should be identified by scroll or spell, or by read-identifying with proper precautions (100 zm scrolls are safe to read if you have identified the [[scroll of teleportation]], are fire resistant, carry no burnable items, and are wearing no armor, for example).

===Identifying rings===

The most useful [[ring]]s to price-identify are the most expensive and most powerful rings: the 200 zm and 300 zm rings.

All 200 zm rings, provided they are non-cursed, are useful and safe to wear. These include the [[ring of free action]], the [[ring of slow digestion]], the [[ring of searching]], the [[ring of levitation]], the [[ring of regeneration]], the [[ring of fire resistance]], and the [[ring of teleportation]]. It is important to only wear rings from this group known to be non-cursed, since uncontrolled [[teleportitis]] or a cursed ring of levitation may be hazardous. The ring of levitation auto-identifies on wearing; the effects of the other 200 zm rings, with the probable exceptions of fire resistance or teleportation if you already have the [[intrinsics]], will eventually become clear if you wear the rings. The ring of regeneration can also be quickly tested for: wear it, throw a non-breakable, non-weapon object (the shopkeeper owns) upwards to lose a few hit points, and watch if you re-gain them one per turn.

The 300 zm rings include the [[ring of conflict]], the [[ring of teleport control]], the [[ring of polymorph]], and the [[ring of polymorph control]]. The first two are among the most coveted items in the game and are frequent [[wish]] targets, however the ring of polymorph means that 300 zm rings are not generally safe to wear. Conflict can still be easily identified by wearing it for a turn or two around a peaceful monster (remember that a [[shopkeeper]], [[aligned priest]], or your Quest leader are probably not wise choices.) Teleport control can also be identified by putting on the ring and triggering a teleport (via trap, scroll, wand, etc.) If your 300 zm ring is neither of these, do not wear it; use a scroll, spell, a handy [[sink]] or a source of [[enlightenment]] to reliably identify the other 300 zm rings. Alternately, a riskier method of determining whether a 300 zm ring is safe to wear is simply to wear it for a few hundred turns without wearing a [[shirt]], [[cloak]], or [[body armor]] (or wearing [[junk]] armor): that way, if you [[polymorph]] you will not break your useful armor.

===Identifying wands===

It is usually better to [[Wand#Engrave-identification|engrave ID]] wands to determine their identity, however base 175 zm wands found in shops are all useful ([[wand of cold]], [[wand of sleep]], [[wand of fire]] or [[wand of lightning]]), price identification can distinguish a [[wand of sleep]] from a [[wand of death]] without using another [[charge]], any wand that makes engravings vanish that has a base price of 150 zm is a [[wand of make invisible]], and any wand that gives no message when engraved with a base price of 100 zm is a [[wand of nothing]].

===Identifying potions===

[[Potions]] may be price-identified; however, it is generally less useful with potions than with scrolls, rings, or wands. It is good to know that a 200 zm potion might be a [[potion of polymorph]]; therefore, it is not safe to [[#dip]] your only [[unicorn horn]] into or to indiscriminately [[quaff]]. Also, the 300 zm potions (the [[potion of paralysis]], [[potion of gain level]], and [[potion of gain ability]]) are all powerful 
and situationally useful.

===Identifying magical armor===

[[Fumble boots]] and [[levitation boots]] are both 30 zm, and are likely to be generated [[cursed]].

[[Speed boots]], [[jumping boots]] and [[water walking boots]] are all 50 zm. They are also easily identified once worn: speed boots auto-identify if you are not very fast (via [[potion of speed]] or spell of [[haste self]]), jumping boots allow you to [[jump]], and water walking boots are neither of the two.

All three magical helms and all three magical gloves are 50 zm. This may be useful to distinguish the magical armor from the ordinary [[helmet]] or [[leather gloves]].

The cloaks of displacement and protection both cost 50zm, and are the only ones at that price with a randomized appearance. If the cloaks cost 60zm and come with a randomized appearance, then they are either invisibility, magic resistance, or perhaps an enchanted cloak of the first two types.

Positive [[enchantment]] on a piece of armor increases the base price by 10 zm per point of enchantment. In theory, a +2 or better pair of fumble boots might be confused for one of the much more useful 50 zm boots, but the probability for positive enchantements on "bad" items is too low to be worth bothering.

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
*[http://nethack.roy.org/clippy/clippy.pl Clippy] is a handy tool to identify an item.
*The [http://www.spod-central.org/~psmith/nh/tabs-343.txt consolidated item tables] lists the base price of every single item.
*[http://alt.org/nethack/mirror/www.steelypips.org/nethack/shopping.html NetHack Shopping Spoiler]
[[Category:Strategy]]
[[Category:Identification]]